The competition among shopping malls is getting increasingly more intense. In order to enhance corporate competitiveness and profitability, how to retain key loyal customers has become an important issue for the managers of shopping malls. Customer loyalty programs are a universal practice. This study proposes an analytical model for developing the strategic management of customer loyalty programs. Based on quality function deployment, our model constructs a fuzzy relational matrix to integrate the customer benefits and the customer loyalty programs. The results contribute to a better understanding of the different importance of customer benefits with respect to “ Utilitarian benefits” , “ Hedonic benefits” and “ Symbolic benefits” . The study’ s findings provide prioritized customer loyalty programs, including “ Newest information transmissions, ” “ Communication service specialists, ” “ Exclusive free gift promotions, ” and “ VIP lounge service, ” which can be used to determine the directions for the improvement of shopping malls. The study has implications for the theory and practitioners. First, it allows the integration of customer benefits in customer loyalty programs and the consideration of VIP customers in the programs. Second, the requirement evaluation considering fuzzy linguistic Preferences allows for prioritizing the customer loyalty programs when dealing with uncertainty and vagueness. Finally, this approach helps to obtain more realistic results by integrating fuzzy decision-making into QFD.

A characteristic of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is to allow individual decision making units (DMUs) to select the factor weights which are the most advantageous for them in calculating their efficiency scores. This flexibility in selecting the weights, on the other hand, deters the comparison among DMUs on a common base. For dealing with this difficulty and assessing all the DMUs on the same scale, this paper proposes using a multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach based on scalarizing function for generating common set of weights under the DEA framework. This is an advantageous of the proposed approach against general approaches in the literature which are based on multiple objective nonlinear programming.

Background: Based on the studies which have been done till now, resynchronization of ventricular contraction results in clinical improvement in patients who suffer from moderate to severe heart failure with intraventricular conduction disturbance. and using this method is increasing in our country. Study in this filed seems to be necessary.Material and methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients with advanced heart failure, NYHA Class III and IV, LV ejection fraction (EF)£35%, QRS³120 were studied before and 3 months after CRT. Mean age was 60, 57 and 8 patients with NYHA class III and IV respectively. All patients received furosemide, spironolactone, carvedilol, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II –receptors blockers at the optimal tolerated dosage. Mean LVEF was 20.83%. Echocardiographic (Tissue Doppler Imaging), ECG and function class (NYHA) were assessed at baseline before implantation and 3 months after.Result: LV ejection fraction increased +6.8% (21.10±7 vs. 27.93±8.4%, P<0.001). Mitral valve regurgitation severity reduced (P<0.013). Interventricular mechanical delay reduced (53.83ms±18.45 vs. 26.53ms±13.90 P=0.000) and also Intra ventricular mechanical delay reduced (62.53ms±25.08 vs. 45.55ms±13.47, P=0.000). Dilated cardiomyopathic group has more mean changes in LVEF than Ischemic group (+9.06%±7.3 vs. +4.08%±6.5, P=0.01).Conclusion: Biventricular pacing results in significant clinical improvement in patients who have moderate to severe heart failure.

Objective(s): To validate Persian version of the FSFI and to determine its diagnostic cut off score. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. To fill in the Persian version of the FSFI. In addition clinical interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist on DSM-4 criteria. Women divided in two age and educational matched groups: the control group (n=28) who have not sexual dysfunction and the case group (n=53) who have sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of two groups. Optimal cut off score determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The findings showed satisfactory results for full scale and each subscale with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.66 or above for sexually dysfunctional sample and 0.70 or above for sexually active sample. Discriminant validity confirmed the ability of both total and domain scores to differentiate between active and inactive women. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity analyses we found that the optimal cut off score was found to be 28 for differentiating women with and without sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Iranian version of Female Sexual function Index (FSFI) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sexual function in women.

Due to the existence of different criticism criteria in different eras, the critics have applied different and sometimes opposing methods in literary criticism.The present article studies the popular methods of literary criticism and the evolution of one special method which has been called Preference in some era and comparison in some other era.

Color, as an important quality of objects, can alter individuals’ emotions and influence automobile selection and sales. A review of previous research literature indicates that color affects human life unconsciously and through cultural factors. This study compared that ratios of vehicle colors manufactured in United States in 2005 and 2006 with similar vehicles at Iran-Khodro in the same period. Results showed that although silver is the most manufactured vehicle color in both countries; its production ratio is significantly higher in Iran. More blue, black, red and beige vehicles were manufactured in the U. S. A than in Iran While Iran manufactured more green and grey vehicles than the U. S. A. The results are discussed based on cultural and psychological differences plus economic limitations.

Aristotle can be treated as a pioneer of Logic of Preference. In modern times some such distinguished researchers as Soren Hallden, CH. Von Wright, R. Chisholm, N. Rescher and R. Jeffrey have contributed considerably in reviving and developing this part of logical science. Among logical relations playing fundamental role in the Logic of Preference, one is that of P and S: P meaning "P is preferred to q" or "P is better than q" and S meaning "P is equivalent to q in terms of value". While presenting a brief historical itinerary of development of the Logic of Preference, in this article it is attempted to survey, criticize, and modity some of its axioms introduced by Hallden. In correction of the said axioms, we have used notion of "necessity" as well as "S5" system in the modal logic in order to make relations of P and S more logically plausible.